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From quotes to position units Identify buying and selling prices, position direction and price-movement units. Then convert lots into base-currency quantities.
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bid and ask (bid-ask prices) Select the correct quote side for a purchase or sale. spread (bid-ask spread) Calculate P/L from fills without deducting spread a second time. Long position (bullish position) Calculate long P/L from opening ask, closing bid and the stated quantity. Short position Calculate short P/L from opening bid and the actual repurchase ask. Pip Separate pip count from cash value using the correct pair’s price unit. Pipette (fractional pip) Convert pipettes into pips without confusing the factor of ten. Platform point Read two specification units without equating display precision with tick size. Lot (position unit) Convert lot count into base units using the stated contract size. mini lot (0.1 lot) Connect a mini lot with the correct unit quantity and USD pip value. Micro lot (0.01 lot) Retain the pip-value currency and apply an explicit conversion rate. Reset this sequence Read the account and its margin thresholds Combine balance with open P/L, calculate available collateral and margin level, then distinguish a warning from forced closure.
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Balance Separate a booked transaction from the P/L of a position still open. Floating P/L Calculate open valuation using the correct quote and separate it from a balance booking. Equity Calculate equity without omitting open P/L or deducting margin. Margin (deposit margin) Calculate a model collateral requirement and distinguish it from cost and notional. Free margin (available margin) Distinguish zero free margin from a forced-close threshold. Margin Level Calculate the ratio with the correct denominator and separate a percentage from a cash amount. Margin call Separate a model warning threshold from close-out and from any promise of reaction time. Stop out Check the threshold basis and close-out condition without inventing liquidation order. Reset this sequence From exposure to a risk plan Convert quantity into notional, separate effective leverage from margin requirements and examine an exit plan. Size the model trade and measure drawdown.
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Position notional (notional value) Convert base quantity into currency-labelled notional without adding two valuations of the same position. Leverage Distinguish notional-to-equity from notional-to-margin. Stop loss Use the actual stop fill and distinguish the full loss from deterioration against the plan. Take profit (TP) Select the quote side for a short’s TP and separate the condition from confirmed execution. Risk-Reward Ratio Name each ratio’s numerator and denominator, and separate a plan from profitability. Position size (lot quantity) Calculate model volume from a budget, exit distance and pip value. Drawdown Use the earlier peak as denominator and distinguish drawdown from return since the start. Reset this sequence Reconcile a trade result with the account Separate open valuation from closed P/L. Include the closed quantity, both commission sides and signed financing, without deducting spread twice.
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Floating P/L Calculate open valuation using the correct quote and separate it from a balance booking. Realized P/L Settle only the closed quantity and separate its result from the remaining open valuation. Commission Scale a model per-lot rate to quantity and both execution sides. swap (overnight charge) Include the sign, quantity and explicit financing-application count in the model. spread (bid-ask spread) Calculate P/L from fills without deducting spread a second time. Balance Separate a booked transaction from the P/L of a position still open. Reset this sequence From provider structure to confirmation Separate contractual party, hedging, automation and confirmed execution.
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Show 10 learning steps OTC market (over-the-counter) Identify the trading arrangement from documents rather than interface design. Market maker Separate the quoting role from a hedging decision. Dealing desk Evaluate stated policies rather than infer behavior from a label. B-book Separate gross client volume from net provider exposure. A-book Separate the client agreement from the external hedge. STP broker Separate automation from the order’s result. ECN broker Compare the full entry-and-exit cost. Last look Separate the checking window from other delays. Requote Separate a new offer, acceptance and trade confirmation. Order execution Add confirmed fills without including pending quantity. Reset this sequence Orders, prices and execution quality Move from instruction conditions to quantity, costs and evidence needed to assess execution.
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Show 11 learning steps Pending order (conditional order) Identify expiry without execution. Limit order Assess both price boundaries and confirmed quantity. Stop order Separate the trigger level from later price behavior. Market order Interpret a specific volume-filling policy. Liquidity Match available quantity to requested volume. Price gap Separate a price event from the execution result. Slippage Distinguish adverse and favorable differences for buys and sells. Fixed spread Convert one fixed spread for two position quantities. Variable spread Read spread width as quotes change. Trailing stop Separate a confirmed stop from a future local update. Stop hunting Check the relevant quote side before inferring intent. Reset this sequence Pair units and result currency Practice quote direction, quote-currency P/L and separate account-currency conversion.
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Show 11 learning steps Base currency Identify the base independently of account currency. quote currency (counter currency) Label the result’s units before account conversion. EUR/USD Move from price P/L to net P/L. GBP/USD (Cable) Interpret two separate currency relationships together. AUD/USD (the aussie) Calculate a short position’s result in quote currency. NZD/USD (Kiwi) Convert a quote-currency budget into base units. USD/CAD (Loonie) Calculate quote-currency P/L before conversion. USD/JPY Separate a fixed JPY result from its changing USD value. EUR/JPY Calculate the cash value of an assumed pip. GBP/JPY Reduce quantity when assumed loss per unit increases. EUR/GBP Separate price P/L from currency conversion. Reset this sequence Products, delivery and financing calendars Compare grouping conventions, contract specifications, delivery dates and explicit financing rates.
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Show 11 learning steps Major Pairs Identify the limits of the stated major-pair convention. Minor Pairs (Cross Pairs) Distinguish USD’s absence from minor-pair classification. Exotic Pairs Calculate cash spread cost rather than compare raw numbers. Commodity Currencies Separate an economic label from a measurable data relationship. Gold (XAU/USD) Compare underlying exposure before comparing lots. CFD (contract for difference) Apply a contract multiplier to a price result. Spot (immediate settlement) Read the delivery obligation from product terms. Settlement and value date Separate trade date from the agreed delivery date. Rollover (position renewal) Apply a stated financing rate. Triple swap Calculate the three-day adjustment without reversing its sign. Islamic account (swap-free) Check exemption scope and calculate a replacement fee. Reset this sequence From position budgets to portfolios Choose quantity, recalculate additions and shared exposures, and recognize loss-model limits.
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Show 11 learning steps Position Sizing Check the risk budget after rounding quantity. 1% Rule Separate planned loss from required margin. Compound Position Sizing Calculate capital after consecutive fixed-percentage losses. Anti-Martingale System Calculate the next risk amount after an equity decline. Pyramiding Add tranche results at one common exit price. Hedging Calculate the unhedged portion of a future payment. Portfolio Risk Express the combined loss budget as a percentage of equity. Currency Pair Correlation Check data consistency before comparing correlations. Diversification Identify repeated exposure to the US dollar. Tail Risk Compare the overall mean with an extreme scenario. Black Swan Event Identify a risk omitted from a scenario set. Reset this sequence Net results and risk measures Define sample and costs first, then compare measures under consistent assumptions.
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Show 10 learning steps Break-Even Find the zero-result repurchase price for a short position. Win Rate Classify trades using net results. Expectancy Calculate a modeled average after a cost on every trial. Maximum Drawdown Separate the historical maximum from current drawdown. Calmar Ratio Compare return-to-drawdown ratios under matching assumptions. Sharpe Ratio Construct excess returns period by period. Sortino Ratio Identify a shortfall relative to a nonzero target. Value at Risk (VaR) Check horizon and confidence before comparing thresholds. Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) Calculate a selected tail mean without confusing it with the maximum. Kelly Criterion Calculate a binary formula’s sensitivity to probability. Reset this sequence Accounts, copying and programs Separate simulation, real-money units, result allocation and contractual reward conditions.
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Show 8 learning steps Demo account Separate a procedural test from a live-result test. Cent account Convert a result in cents into its currency. Social trading Check open P/L and cash flows before comparing profiles. Copy trading Check whether a scaled volume is executable. PAMM account Calculate a proportional share of a modeled loss. Prop firm (proprietary trading firm) Check whether a loss rule measures balance or equity. Payout Separate performance basis, payment entitlement and actual transfer. VPS (Virtual Private Server) Confirm strategy operation after an environment change. Reset this sequence Entity, obligations and client protection Check legal entity, client class and the applicable scope of EU, Polish, Cyprus or UK rules.
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Show 10 learning steps KYC (Know Your Customer) Separate customer, representative and beneficial owner. AML (Anti-Money Laundering) Recognize when customer information may need updating. CySEC Regulation Match an offer’s details to the correct regulatory entry. KNF Regulation Identify the correct category of register entry. ESMA regulation Distinguish a historical document from specific account rules. FCA Regulation Separate firm authorization from claim eligibility. Leverage caps Separate marketing categories from legal CFD categories. Segregated accounts Separate money records from investment performance. Negative balance protection Separate debt protection from preservation of capital. Payment for order flow (PFOF) Identify an executor’s payment rather than the client’s fee. Reset this sequence From observations to price structure Define swings, horizon and boundaries before distinguishing a break, retest and invalidation.
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Show 10 learning steps Price Action Distinguish a price observation from an unsupported narrative. Swing High Locate swing-high availability without using future data. Swing Low Reject a candidate violated before its confirmation window ends. Trend Separate larger-scale structure from a local retracement. Support and Resistance Check a close against the support zone's lower boundary. Breakout Apply a breakout buffer to the closing price. Fakeout Apply a return criterion without inferring market intent. Pullback Apply an additional reaction condition after a retest. Retracement Distinguish retracement depth from price return. Pivot Points Compare classic R1 and S1 distances from P. Reset this sequence Direction and strength tools Check indicator inputs and windows; separate direction, strength and plotted levels from actual orders.
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Show 8 learning steps Moving Average (MA) Translate indicator length into the chosen chart's observation units. Simple Moving Average (SMA) Calculate SMA after its window shifts. Exponential Moving Average (EMA) Calculate one EMA update with a specified coefficient. Donchian Channel Distinguish a prior-bars channel from one updated by the current bar. Ichimoku Cloud (Ichimoku Kinko Hyo) Identify historical inputs behind a forward-plotted line. Average Directional Index (ADX) Distinguish trend strength from direction. Trend Strength Recognize insufficient reasoning based on wide candles. Parabolic SAR (Stop And Reverse) Calculate a basic indicator step without equating it with an account stop. Reset this sequence Oscillators without mixed scales Learn formulas and reference lines, match pivots and assess disagreement without an automatic trade decision.
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Show 8 learning steps Momentum Oscillator Calculate ratio-based Momentum and identify its reference. Relative Strength Index (RSI) Calculate RSI from two specified smoothed inputs. Stochastic Oscillator Calculate fast %K with a positive range. MACD (Moving Average Convergence Divergence) Distinguish main MACD's sign from the difference histogram's sign. Divergence Reject comparisons between mismatched points. Regular Divergence Classify the mismatch separately from an entry decision. Hidden Divergence Classify bearish hidden divergence. Confluence (Multiple Signals) Identify repeated information in a signal combination. Reset this sequence Volatility and transformed data Compare units and sources; check what smoothing and alternative chart construction leave out.
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Show 9 learning steps Volatility Indicator Calculate relative ATR as an explicit comparison aid. Average True Range (ATR) Calculate TR when the previous close lies outside the candle. Bollinger Bands Calculate band width without inventing a directional signal. Mean Reversion Calculate deviation changes against a moving reference. Bollinger Band Squeeze Calculate relative width without inferring direction. Heikin-Ashi Candles Calculate HA close and identify appropriate execution data. Renko Charts Calculate a reversal level under a specified Renko construction. Kagi Charts Distinguish an intrabar path from its closing observation. Currency Strength Meter Interpret a pair's change from base and quote currency perspectives. Reset this sequence Bodies, shadows and context Measure candle boundaries and tolerances before checking two- or three-candle pattern conditions.
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Show 11 learning steps Doji Candle Apply a stated doji classification tolerance. Spinning Top Calculate a small body's share of a wide range. Marubozu Identify the limits of inference from wickless OHLC. Inside Bar Apply strict and non-strict containment rules. Harami Identify body containment without an inside-bar condition. Engulfing Pattern Check body engulfing despite an unengulfed shadow. Hammer Separate candle geometry from naming context. Pin Bar (Pinocchio Bar) Check a specified shadow-to-body ratio. Shooting Star Calculate the shadow without confusing it with the complete range. Morning Star Calculate the penetration boundary and distinguish a small body from doji. Evening Star Check the first-body midpoint and recognize an unmet condition. Reset this sequence Geometry and pattern completion Compare boundaries, context and completion conditions without treating pattern names as promises.
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Show 9 learning steps Flag Distinguish consolidation shape from the preceding move. Pennant Identify a missing preceding move in a pennant candidate. Triangle Classify geometry without assigning a certain direction. Wedge Detect absent narrowing in a wedge candidate. Double Bottom Check the completion condition for a double bottom. Double Top Distinguish similar highs from a completed structure. Head and Shoulders Select the correct neckline points. Three White Soldiers Recognize poor conformity when a close is far from its high. Three Black Crows Detect missing opening containment in a three-candle structure. Reset this sequence Anchors, ratios and rules Practice leg measurement, anchor selection and variant checks before assigning a label.
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Show 10 learning steps Fibonacci Retracement Locate a 61.8% correction of a downward leg. Fibonacci Extension Calculate an extension in the direction of a downward AB leg. Harmonic Pattern Recognize rule changes made to force a pattern fit. ABCD Pattern Project CD from the correct starting point. Gartley Pattern Locate two different retracement levels of the same leg. Bat Pattern Calculate two separate retracements of XA. Butterfly Pattern Locate D in an ideal Butterfly with a specified XA leg. Crab Pattern Locate 1.618 XA and identify an incompatible B. Cypher Pattern Select the correct leg when calculating D. Elliott Wave Apply a standard impulse rule without making it stricter. Reset this sequence Market data and interpretation limits Distinguish executions and order books from chart labels and unconfirmed participant narratives.
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Show 10 learning steps OBV (On-Balance Volume) Apply OBV's unchanged-close rule. Order flow Calculate execution delta without inferring participant numbers. Order Flow Analysis Recognize what two order-book snapshots cannot resolve. Volume Profile Locate POC in an asymmetric histogram. Wyckoff Method Apply an interpretive model without treating it as identification of a person. Smart Money Concepts (SMC) Separate a checkable price condition from its proposed cause. Order Block Compare two boundary conventions for the same candle. Breaker Block Describe invalidation and retesting under an explicit rule. Fair Value Gap (FVG) Locate an FVG zone and identify its inference limit. Change of Character (ChoCh) Compare the same close against two structural scales. Reset this sequence From a plan to automation tests Match platform and execution rules, separate test samples and assess risk assumptions.
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Show 12 learning steps Trading Plan Identify a process deviation despite a profit. Algorithmic trading Identify missing state checks in an automated rule. Expert Advisor (EA) Distinguish blocked orders from continuing EA analysis. High-frequency trading (HFT) Avoid confusing messaging activity with executed trading. MetaTrader 4 (MT4) Check compatibility between program and account environments. MetaTrader 5 (MT5) Calculate a net position after an opposing trade. cTrader Platform Compare account offers without attributing them to the platform. TradingView Recognize that an alert alone does not prove execution. Backtesting Identify an execution price unavailable under the stated model. Walk-forward analysis Recognize reuse of out-of-sample data. Monte Carlo simulation Identify what shuffling preserves when trade amounts are fixed. Martingale System Compare the next attempt's profit with accumulated losses. Reset this sequence Reading central-bank decisions Move from mandates and tools to decisions, votes, minutes and projections; distinguish document status from currency forecasts.
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Show 12 learning steps Central banks Identify an institution's role from its purpose and decision document. Monetary Policy Distinguish central-bank action from an observed outcome. Central Bank Rate Decision Separate an adopted rate change from forecast surprise. Rate Hike vs Rate Cut Separate absolute and relative rate changes. Hawkish vs Dovish Identify the reference point for a tone assessment. Central Bank Meeting Minutes Link minutes to the corresponding meeting and decision. Dot Plot (Fed Funds Rate Projections) Find a fictional projection median without treating it as a decision. Federal Reserve (Fed) Identify a policy target and market observation. European Central Bank (ECB) Separate a common policy decision from national implementation. Bank of England (BoE) Read the decision separately from MPC members' preferences. Bank of Canada (BoC) Distinguish announcement, effective and funding-charge dates. Bank of Japan (BoJ) Classify a BoJ document as a decision, projection or survey. Reset this sequence Publication, units and interpretation Match timing, reference period and vintage, then distinguish levels, growth rates, nominal values and indicator coverage.
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Show 10 learning steps Economic Calendar Link an event to its reference period and correct chart time. Economic Data Releases Compare a new release with the revised previous value. Consumer Price Index (CPI) Match a forecast's scope and period to the released CPI. PCE Price Index (Fed's Preferred Inflation Gauge) Select a comparable measure for the Fed's inflation objective. Inflation Convert positive inflation into a new index level. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Convert quarterly growth using compounding. Retail Sales Decompose sales value in a simple example. Trade Balance Combine matching goods and services balances. DXY (U.S. Dollar Index) Separate a basket result from a particular pair's movement. Consumer Sentiment Index Separate a revision from a change between successive months. Reset this sequence Reading economic surveys Compare response directions, diffusion indexes, balances and horizons; distinguish a component from its headline indicator.
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Show 8 learning steps Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) Separate the index level from its change. RatingDog Manufacturing PMI (formerly Caixin) Calculate an illustrative diffusion index without calling it the headline PMI. ISM Manufacturing PMI (United States) Read the component name before interpreting its threshold. ifo Business Climate Index (Germany) Calculate a response balance without calling it an index. Tankan Survey (BoJ Business Sentiment) Separate changes between surveys from future expectations. Consumer Sentiment Index Separate a revision from a change between successive months. Economic Data Releases Compare a new release with the revised previous value. Bank of Japan (BoJ) Classify a BoJ document as a decision, projection or survey. Reset this sequence Different US labour measures Identify whether a release counts jobs, people, openings or claims. Compare periods, revisions and denominators.
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Show 8 learning steps Economic Calendar Link an event to its reference period and correct chart time. Economic Data Releases Compare a new release with the revised previous value. Non-Farm Payrolls (NFP) Separate a new payroll change from a previous revision. Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) Check whether a position meets JOLTS opening criteria. Initial Jobless Claims Check whether weekly claims observations are comparable. Unemployment Rate Calculate unemployment after a hypothetical labour-force departure. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Convert quarterly growth using compounding. Monetary Policy Distinguish central-bank action from an observed outcome. Reset this sequence FX participants, access and execution Move from trading purpose to quoted size, credit relationships and execution channels; check each label's limits.
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Show 10 learning steps Retail vs institutional traders Separate purpose, entity and client classification. Corporations (treasury hedging) Calculate a simplified corporate payment exposure. Hedge funds in forex Identify records needed to compare fund strategies. Commercial banks Calculate a residual flow in a simplified bank example. Tier-1 dealers (market makers) Check offer conditions instead of relying on a label. Liquidity providers Check amounts and conditions before assessing complete execution. Forex Liquidity Calculate a weighted average fill in a static hypothetical book. Interbank Market Check whether bank quotes are comparable. Dark pools in forex Explain how matching flows can reduce publicly visible turnover. Prime brokerage Check a proposed trade against its contractual scope. Reset this sequence Sessions, time zones and breaks Convert both time and date, find shared activity windows and separate benchmarks from available execution prices.
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Show 8 learning steps Sydney Session Convert an opening time including the change of date. Tokyo Session Convert an event time including its calendar date. London Session Convert an illustrative London event into UTC. New York Session Convert an event time using specified offsets. Session Overlap Find two hypothetical windows' intersection. Economic Calendar Link an event to its reference period and correct chart time. London Fix (4PM Fix) Match a benchmark to a hypothetical contract. Weekend gap Separate a quote gap from an order's execution price. Reset this sequence Recording and assessing decisions Record rules before acting, compare execution with the plan and review complete evidence without diagnoses or success guarantees.
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Show 10 learning steps Trading Journal Calculate net result and record a deviation separately. Trading Discipline Assess decision compliance before assessing its financial result. Fear and Greed Separate the feeling, action and breached rule. FOMO (Fear Of Missing Out) Check whether a signal or fear of missing out drove entry. Herd Mentality Distinguish independent reasoning from copying direction. Loss Aversion Compare reactions to equal results without quantifying emotions. Overconfidence Bias Compare stated confidence with complete results. Recency Bias Separate a new observation from a justified assumption change. Revenge Trading Assess re-entry against a new signal and rules. Tilt Compare behaviour with a recorded pause criterion. Reset this sequence Poland: records, instruments and residence Identify entity and instrument, organize receipts and costs, then assess income category, rate conditions and residence.
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Show 8 learning steps Trading Journal Calculate net result and record a deviation separately. Retail vs institutional traders Separate purpose, entity and client classification. Corporations (treasury hedging) Calculate a simplified corporate payment exposure. JDG vs sp. z o.o. (Poland) Sort records by entity and period. Belka tax (Poland) Separate interest records from trading records before assessing Polish reporting. PIT-38 (Poland) Prepare a document list for assessing Polish reporting. 9% CIT for a Polish limited company Separate income classification from eligibility conditions. Tax residency Organize residence evidence without applying a universal day-count test. Reset this sequence Rates, exposures and market measures Separate central-bank action, forward benchmarks, unhedged results, indexes and positioning reports.
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Show 9 learning steps Monetary Policy Distinguish central-bank action from an observed outcome. Quantitative Easing (QE) Identify assets and payment flows in a QE purchase. SNB Intervention (Swiss National Bank) Read an operation's side without assuming a permanent floor. Interest Rate Parity (IRP) Apply CIP with the correct quote direction. Carry Trade Split a position's result into carry, price movement and costs. Corporations (treasury hedging) Calculate a simplified corporate payment exposure. Hedge funds in forex Identify records needed to compare fund strategies. Commitments of Traders (COT) report Decompose a net-position change into long and short changes. DXY (U.S. Dollar Index) Separate a basket result from a particular pair's movement. Reset this sequence PL and EN progress is separate. Answers and progress are not sent to the server.
